Pressure fluid motor



March 26, 1940. -rm 2,195,203

- PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Filed Jan. '25, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 56'. 9 3 11 .5. s/a a? J? 5/ a 5.41%

v 48 7 58 m. I

E. G. GARTIN PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Mmh 26, 1940.

Filed Jan. 25, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 26, 1940. E. s. GARTIN PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR Filed Jan. 25, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Mar'. 26.1940; N

PR ssURE'FLiJmMoron ',,,Elm'er G. fGartin, Claremont, N. 11., assignor'to I ompany,-a corporation of Sullivan Machinery 0 Massachusetts Application January 25. 1934, Serial no. 708.269 -f 2 Claims. (01. 21424) This invention relates to pressurefluid motors,

and more, particularly, but not exclusively, relates to pressure fluid motors especially designed for use in hammer type rock drills.

An object of this invention is toprovide an improved pressure fluid motor.1 Another object is to provide an improved'valve; mechanism and fluid distribution means iorsuch amotor. A V further object of this invention isto provide an improved pressure fluid; motorjespecially designed to use in rock drills." These and other objects will, however, hereinafter more.fully appear;

In the accompanying drawings there'are'sho'wn for purposes of. illustration two. forms and two modifications which the invention'may assume in practice.

In these' drawings Fig. 1Iis=a central, longitudinally extending,-

7 vertical sectional view taken through one illustrative form of the-improved pressure fluid motor.

Fig. '2-is a view similar'to Fig l. showing the fluid distributing valve and hammer piston in a difieren'tposition;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary View. similar to Figs. 1 and 2 showing the-parts in a hole blowing position. Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross sectional view'taken on line i -4. of Fig. 2 with the valve omitted.

Fig. 5 is a detail' sectionalView taken on line 55ofFig.4. i Fig. .6Jisja' detail se fonalview taken'on' line 6-60f Fig;4

Fig. 7 is an enlarged on line 1-! of Fig. -2.

-- Fig. '11 -is a view similar to Fig. 1 showing another illustrative form of-the inventionf v p Fig. 12 is a view similar toFig'. 11 showing'the fluid distributing valve and hammer piston in a different position.

- shown inFigs. l to 7, inclusive, there is shown a 1 Fig. 13 is afragmentaryview similar toFigs... 11 and 12 showing the parts in a hole blowing,

position. I I H a i Fig. l4 is a detail'view showing a portion oi the improvedfluid-distribution means shown in Fig. 11. v v i I In the illustrative embodiment of the invention pressure fluid motor generally designated tparticularly designed to use in rock drills of the hammer' type and comprising a cylinder 2 having-a -housing llsuit'ably'secured to'the irontnend oi cross sectional view taken means and more particularly to the improved valve, mechanism; it will be noted'that: formed";

the head plate iZis an annular chamber 2'! having'reciprocably mounted therein and guided on I bore 3 containing .a reciprocable hammer piston AL The hammer piston, is provided withjaffop wardly projectingvstriiking'bar 5y guided in aloore 6 formed in the front motor head 1; and this striking baris adapted to deliver a series of im-v 5 I pact blows to. the sh ank 8 of a'usual hollow rock drill steel. The drilllsteel shank is loosely supported in archuck bushing 9 carried by a chuck sleeve in rotatably mounted in ja} front chuck the motor cylinder. Arranged: fat the. rear end of the cylinder is a rear head plate i2, a"'cylindrical valvelchest memberfiS and airatchet and pawl mechanism !4, the elementsf i2, i3 and It being arranged inan axial bore formed in the motor cylinder and held'therein. in any suitable manner. The rear'head' plate l2 isprovided'with an annular flange l6 fitting'the rear end or; the cylinder borefandhhaving a. central recess. if! for receiving acircular projection 18 ior'medon the rearface of theflpistori' head; The rotatable pawl carrier IQ of the ratchetv and pawl n'iechanism I4 has secured thereto a forwardly pi oj'ecti 18. spirally grooved rifle bar 29 extending axially through bores'formed in the elements 12 I and J3 and withina-bore 12! formed in the hammer piston and interlocked with the ham'riler,

piston by engagement with a rifle nut 22 secured I within the piston head. Formed'on the striking bar 5 of the hammer piston are longitudinally 3 extending flutes or grooves 23' engaging straight keys or vanes formedfion a chuck nut 24 fixed to the rotatable chuck sleeve Ill. As is usual inrock drills of the hammer'type, theratchet and pawl mechanism and rifle bar cause the'hammer piston to have a rotary motion during theretrace tion stroke'thereof. and this rotary motion is transmitted through the grooves on .the striking bar, the chuck nut, Ychuck sleeve and the chuck bushing 9 to the rock' drill steel. and-as a result the drill steel isintermittently rotated as; it is percussively actuated by the hammer piston; d Nowreferring to the improved fluid distribution integral with therearhead plate I2 is'arear wardly projecting sleeve portion 25 1itting ab'ore 26 formed in the'valve chest member. En- 'circling this sleeveportion 25 at therear face of the sleeve'portion 25 theimproved fluid distributing valve-.28. Formed :centrally-in the bore, 21. l of thefvalve'chamber is an internal annular .55

groove 29 connected by a series of longitudinally extending passages 30 with. a source of pressure fluid supply. As shown in Fig. '7, formed in the rear face of the head plate l2; and communicating with the valve chamber at the forward sideof. the valve is an elongated arcuate groove 3!,

while formed in the valve chest member l3 and communicating with the valve chamber at the rear side-of the valve are arcuate grooves 32 and 33 of a combined volumetric capacity substantially equal to the volumetric capacity of the groove. 3!. Pressure fluid is supplied constantly to the groove32through a passage 34 (see Fig. 4)

communicating with one of the fluid supply passages 38, while pressure fluid is "constantly supplied to the grooves 31, 33 through longitudinally 'fextendingpassages 35, 35 communicating with the source of pressure fluid supply and passages 36 and 3'! connecting the grooves 3i and 33,'re-

'spectively, with the passage 35, as shown in Fig. 5. Formedin the head plate I2 is an arcuatepassage 38 connecting theforward end of the valve chamber .27 with the recess ll communicating with the rear end of the-cylinder bore. Formed in the valve chest memberflt' between the grooves 32, '33 is a pair of arcuate recesses 39, 39 communicating with the rear end of the valve chamber 21 and connected by passages 40, 48 with the forward endof the cylinder bore. Themotor cylinder isprovided with a central piston-controlled exhaust passage 4|. 1 V

Now referring to theimproved fluid distributing valve per se, it will 'be noted that this provided a slight clearance between the external periphery of the valve andflthe' valve chamber bore to admit pressure'fluid past the valve flanges.

recesses 39,; valve is connected to exhaust through passages Formed internally within the valve is an annular exhaust groove 44, while formed in the sleeve portion of the rear'head plate and communieating with the valve chamber adjacent the forward end thereof are. radial passages 45 com municating with the rear end of the cylinder bore through the bore 46 of the sleeve'pc'rtion 25. Formedon the exterior of the sleeve portion 25 is an Lannular groove 41 communicable through passages '48 (see Fig. 3) with the arcuate The internal groove 44 in the 49 formed in the sleeve portion 25 and communi- V eating with a radial exhaust passage 56. In the modified. form of distributing valve shown in Fig. 10, instead of providing a clearance lee-- tween Itheexternal peripheries of the valve flanges, '43, these flanges have a sliding fit at The'operation' of the improved pressure fluid" motorwill be clearly apparent from the description given. Assuming that the parts are in the position shown in Fig. l and the "distributing valve28 is held in its rearmost position against the 1 rear wall of the valve chamber, pressure fluid flowsfrom, the, sup-ply passages so through,

the'annular groove 29, through the valve chamber past the exterior periphery of. the forward valve flange142 and thence through the passage 38 to the rear end of thecylinder bore to act on valve and passages 49, 50.

result the hammer piston is moved forwardly to effect its working stroke, the striking bar delivering an impact. blow to the drill steel shank. Upon forward movement of the hammer piston,

the front end of the cylinder bore is connected 39; 39 are connected to atmosphere through the passages ifl, groove 4i, internal groove 44 in the Communication of the arcuate recesses 39,139 with'the annular fluid supply groove 29 is cut 'offby the rear flange 43 of the valve seating against the rear end wall of the valve chamberJ As the rear'edge of the pressure within the rear ,end of the cylinder bore is suddenly materially dropped, due to the communication thereof with the exhaust'and the restricted flow clearance. about the exterior periphery of the front valve flange-42 "pastwhich pressurefluid flows -to the rear endbf the cylinder. As a result, there is a drop in pressure at the forward face of the valve and the pressure fluid flowing through the passages 34 and 3'! to the constant pressuregrooves 32 and '33 acts on the-rear face "of therear valve flange 43 to throw the valve, against the opposing reduced pressurafrom the position shown in .Fig. 1 to the position shown in Fig. 2. When thefluid distributing valve is in the position shown in Fig.2, the forward face of the front flange 42 oi the valve cuts on communication of the passage 38 with the fluid supplygroovedfi 'by its seating engagement with the front 'end'wall of the valve chamber, while pressurefluidis supplied to the front .end of the' cyliniier bore through the passages 3B, annularg'roove th-"past the' restricted flowspace about the exterior periphery of'the valve flange 43, through "the valve chamber andthrough recesses 39 and passages 40 to the front end of thecylinder bore'. The rear. end of thecylinder bore is connected to exhaust through the central exhaust passage 4! and through bore 46, passages 45, internal groove 44 in the valve and passages 49 and :50 communicating with thatmosphere; The pressurefluid flowing to the forward end of the cylinder bore acts on the'front pressure area of the piston, moving the latter rearwardly to effect its retraction. stroke, and as the front edge of the pistonhead overruns the exhaust pas sage M, the pressure within thelfront end of the suddenly drops, due to the restricted flow of fluid past the valve flange 43, and thepressure in the constant pressure groove-3l acting on the front pressure area'of the valve throws the valve rearwardlyagainst the opposing reduced pressure from-the. position shown in 2 to the position shown inFigl. The operations above described are rapidly repeated during normal operation ofthe motor to effect rapid recipro:

cation of thehammer piston.

' The-improved means shown in Figs. 1 2 and3 for effecting a hole blowing function, that is to blow away the cuttings from the drill steel, herein comprises a slide valve 53. mounted in a guideway-54 formed on themotor cylinder and having a manual operating handle 55. Arranged within this operating handle is a springrpressed plunger rock as for holding the Slide valve i its released position. Carried withina recess formed the inner faee of the slide valve is a packingfi'ifor maintaining sealed, when the slide valve is'in'its released position, the mouths of passages 58 com-' municating with the groove 3|. Also formed in the slide valve is a vent passage 59'f0r connecting the passages 58 with the exhaust whenthis slide valve is in its closed position. When it is desired to effect a hole blowing operation, the operator grasps the handle 55 and slides the valve 53 into its closed position, as shown in Fig. 3, thereby closing the central cylinder exhaust passage M and at the same time connecting the passages 58 to atmosphere through the vent port59. This reduces the pressure within the groove 3i, causing v of the drill hole to blow away the cuttings from the hole, When the slide valve 53 is slid into its released position shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the motor exhaust passage 4! is opened, while the passages 58 communicating with thegroovetSl are closed and maintained sealed by the packing 51. In the modification shown in FigspS and 9, the slide valve'53 is provided with a recess 60 and a vent port and secured within the cylinder is a plug 52 havingabore 63 forming a guide for the stem of a valve 64 arranged in a chamber 65.. The chamber'65 isconnected with the groove 3! through apassagelifi. When the slide valve 53 is in its released position shown in Fig. 8, the valve stem projects upwardly within the recess fillfpermitting the valve 64 to seat on the bottom surface of the plug 52, and thereby cutting off cornunication of the passage 66 with the bore 63 in the plug. When the slide valve is slid into its closed position shown in Fig. 9,

the valve stem is depressed by engagement thereof with the inner surface of the slide valve, thereby moving the valve 64 into its open position and permitting the pressure in groove 3| to vent the exhaust through passage 66, chamber 65, bore Otherwise this form of the having a forwardly. projecting striking bar 13.

As the drill steel rotation mechanism operated by the hammer piston and the frontdrill steel supporting structure is generally the same as that above describeda redescription of this rotation mechanism and front end structure would be a needless repetition. Arranged at the rear end of the cylinder is a rear head plate 14 having a rearwardly projecting sleeve portion 15 fitting Formed in the valve chest member Tl adjacent the rear faceof the head plateM is an enlarged bore 18 forming a valve chamber in which the improved fluid'distributing' valve "59 is recipro- Communicating with the front end of the the cylinder bore"througnpassages 83. Comgroove 84-; connected by a passage 85 with a suitable source vof fluid supply, and this groove 84 communicates with the valve chamber through relatively narrow longitudinal slots or grooves 86 formed on theexterior periphery of the sleeve portion E5 of the rear head plate 14... The forwardends of'these grooves communicate with the extreme forward endof the valve chamber through notches 86'.

v 3 municating-with the bore 16 and arranged at the .rearof the groove 82 is an enlarged fluid supply Now referring to the improved fluid distributing I f valve per se, it will be noted that this valve is generally U--shaped in. cross section, herein in the formof a sleeve guided on the exterior periphery of the sleeve portion 15, and has endflanges 3'5 and 88 adapted to seat against the front and rear end wallsof the valve chamber. Formed externally on the valve is' an annular exhaust groove 89, while the end'fianges 8'5, 88 form annular, end chambers 90 and Si in the opposite faces of the (valve. Communicating with the valve chamberbetween the grooves 8!] and 32 l is anexhaust passage 92. The ends of the cylinder bore are-connectible with exhaust through a piston controlled exhaust passage 93. The mode of operation of this form of the improved pressure fluid motor will be clearly apparent from the description given. Assuming that the'parts are in the position shown in Fig.

11 with the valve in its rearmo's t position, pressure fluid flows through the supply passages 85 to the annular. groove 84, through the longitudinal grooves 8p? past'the restricted space between the forward end of, the valve and the front ends of the .grooves,'and through the valve chamber and passages'Bl :to the rear end of the cylinder bore, the pressure fluid acting on the rear pressure area of the piston head to drive the piston forwardly to effect its working stroke. At this time the front end of the cylinder bore is connected to exhaust, through the cylinder exhaust passage 93 whileth'e passages 83 and annular groove 82 are connected to atmosphere through the external groove 89 on the valve and exhaust passage 92. .As the rear edge of the piston head overruns the exhaust passage 93, there is a sudden drop in pressure within the rear end of the cylinder bore due to the restriction of the flow of fluid past the forward surface of the valve, and

, as a result, the pressure in the chamber 9| acting on the forward pressure area at the rear face of the valve throws the valve forwardly against the opposing reduced pressure from the position shown in Fig. 11 to the position shown in Fig. 12. When the valve is in the position shown in Fig. 12, the front surface of the flange 8 seats against the rear wall of the valve chamber, cutting off communication of the grooves 86 with'the passages 81 and at this time pressure fluid .flows through thepassage 85, annular groove 84. through the restricted space between the rear end of the valve and, the rear wall of a bore it formed in a valve chest member 11. the valve chamber and through passages 83 communicating with the front end of the cylinder bore, the'pressure fluid acting onthe for- Q ward face of the piston head to drive the piston isa sudden drop in pressure within the passages 83, annular groove 82 and the rear. pressure area of the valve flange 83 due to the restriction between the rear end of'the valve andthe rear wall a of the valve chamber, thereby causingthe pressure fluid acting on the forward pressure area of the valve in the groove 9G to throw the valve rearwardly against the opposing reduced pressure from theposition shown in. Fig. 12 to the position. shown in Fig. 11. These operations above described are successively repeated during normal operation of the motor to eifect rapidreciprocation oi the hammer piston.

The means shown in Figs; 11, 12 and 13 for efiecting a hole blowing operation comprises a slide valve 95 guided ina guideway 95 on the cylinder and having a manual'operating handle 3?. Arranged within the handle 9! is a. valve $8 held in its closed position by a coiled spring 83 and this valve, when the slide valve .95is in the position shown in Fig. 12, closes communication of a passage... Hill communicating with the groove Gil at the forward'end of the valve. with I the atmosphere.

shown in Fig. 13, and as a result, pressure fluid flows from thepassages 83 to-the'forwardend of the cylinder bore, moving the hammer piston into its released positionshown and holding it there, pressure fluid flowing from the front-end of the. cylinder bore through the flutes on the piston striking bar to the hollow drill steelin the manner-above described. 1

While there are in this application specifically describedtwo forms and two modifications which aisazos theinvention may assume in practice,it.will be understood. that these forms and modifications .of the same are shown for purposes of illustration and that the invention may be further modified and embodied in various other forms without departing from its spirit or the scope of the 1. In combination, in a motor, a cylinder, a

piston therein, and fluid distribution means including means providing an annular valve chamber an annular valve therein, a fluid supply conduit entering through one of the mutually concentric walls of said valve chamber, an exhaust passage opening through the other of said concentric walls, and, passage means connecting said valvechamber to the opposite ends of the cylinder including a passage extending from one end of said chamber to one end of said cylinder and mutuallyfl distinct passage means connecting the other end of said cylinder with said valve chamber and respectively opening into the latter through an end wall and one of the concentric walls thereof.

2. In combination, in a motor, a cylinder, a

' piston therein, and fluid distribution means including means providing an'annular valve chamber', anannular, internally-grooved valve therein, a'fluid supply conduit entering through one of the mutually concentric walls of said valve chamber, anexhaust passage opening through the other of said concentric walls, and passage means connectingsaid valve chamber to the 0pposite ends of the cylinder including apassage from. one endof saidchamber to one end of said cylinder and mutually distinct passage means connecting the other end of said cylinder'with said valve chamber and respectively opening into the latter through an end wall and the internal one of the concentric wallsthereof.

ELMER G. GARTIN. 

